What is Computer Network?
A computer network is a group of computers connected to each other
through wires, optical fibers, or wireless links, allowing various devices
to interact with one another. The main purpose of a computer network is to
share resources among different devices.
Computer network technology includes various types of networks, ranging
from simple to complex.
Components of Computer Network
The major components of a computer network include the Network Interface Card (NIC).
NIC, or Network Interface Card, facilitates communication between
computers and other devices within a network. It stores hardware addresses
used by data-link layer protocols to identify systems on the network,
ensuring data is sent to the correct destination.
There are two types of NIC:
- 1. Wireless NIC: Commonly used in modern laptops. A wireless NIC establishes connections using antennas that employ radio wave technology.
- 2. Wired NIC: Wired NICs utilize cables to transfer data over the network medium.
Hub
A hub is a central device that divides the network connection among
multiple devices. When a computer requests information from another
computer, it sends the request to the hub. The hub then distributes this
request to all interconnected computers.
Switches
A switch is a networking device that organizes all connected devices within
a network to efficiently transfer data to other devices. Unlike a hub, a
switch doesn't broadcast messages across the entire network. Instead, it
directs messages specifically to the device intended to receive them. This
means that a switch sends messages directly from the source to the
destination, improving network efficiency.
Cables and Connectors
Cables and connectors serve as transmission media for communication
signals. There are three main types of cables:
- Twisted pair cable: This high-speed cable is capable of transmitting data at speeds of 1Gbps or higher.
- Coaxial cable: Resembling TV installation cables, coaxial cable offers faster data transmission speeds compared to twisted pair cables, albeit at a higher cost.
- Fiber optic cable: Fiber optic cable utilizes light beams to transmit data, providing exceptionally high-speed transmission. Although more expensive, it is preferred for governmental installations due to its superior performance.
Router
A router is a device that links a Local Area Network (LAN) to the internet.
Its primary function is to connect separate networks or enable multiple
computers to access the internet.
Modem
A modem links a computer to the internet using the existing telephone line.
It's not built into the computer motherboard but is a separate component
inserted into a PC slot on the motherboard.
Uses of Computer Network
- Resource Sharing: Computer networks facilitate resource sharing, allowing users to access programs, printers, and data regardless of their physical location.
- Server-Client Model: Networks operate on the server-client model, where a central server stores and manages information accessed remotely by clients. Servers are maintained by system administrators, while clients are machines used to access server-stored data.
- Communication Medium: Computer networks serve as communication mediums, enabling users to communicate effectively. For instance, companies utilize email systems for daily communication among employees, connecting multiple computers within the organization.
- E-commerce: Computer networks play a crucial role in e-commerce, enabling businesses to conduct transactions over the internet. For example, companies like Amazon.com operate entirely online, conducting their business activities over the internet.
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